Open Access
Review
Issue
Vis Cancer Med
Volume 6, 2025
Article Number 5
Number of page(s) 11
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/vcm/2025004
Published online 04 April 2025
  1. Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(3):229–263. [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Ajani JA, D’Amico TA, Bentrem DJ, Cooke D, Corvera C, Das P, et al. Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers, version 2.2023, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2023;21(4):393–422. [Google Scholar]
  3. Tang X, Zhou X, Li Y, Tian X, Wang Y, Huang M, et al. A novel nomogram and risk classification system predicting the cancer-specific survival of patients with initially diagnosed metastatic esophageal cancer: a SEER-based study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2019;26(2):321–328. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Luo H, Lu J, Bai Y, Mao T, Wang J, Fan Q, et al. Effect of camrelizumab vs. placebo added to chemotherapy on survival and progression-free survival in patients with advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: the ESCORT-1st randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;326(10):916–925. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gong H, Li B. Guidelines for radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma (2020 edition). Precis Radiat Oncol. 2021;5(2):54–72. [Google Scholar]
  6. Guo JH, Teng GJ, Zhu GY, He SC, Fang W, Deng G, Li GZ. Self-expandable esophageal stent loaded with 125I seeds: initial experience in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Radiology. 2008;247(2):574–581. [Google Scholar]
  7. Zhu HD, Guo JH, Mao AW, Lv WF, Ji JS, Wang WH, et al. Conventional stents versus stents loaded with (125)iodine seeds for the treatment of unresectable oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(6):612–619. [Google Scholar]
  8. Dai Z, Zhou D, Hu J, Zhang L, Lin Y, Zhang J, Li F, Liu P, Li H, Cao F. Clinical application of iodine-eluting stent in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett. 2013;6(3):713–718. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Homs MY, Steyerberg EW, Eijkenboom WM, Tilanus HW, Stalpers LJ, Bartelsman JF, et al. Single-dose brachytherapy versus metal stent placement for the palliation of dysphagia from oesophageal cancer: multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2004;364(9444):1497–1504. [Google Scholar]
  10. Xin Z, Liu Q, Ai D, Chen K, Mariamidze E, Sumon MA, Devnani B, Pihlak R, Zhu H, Zhao K. Radiotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer: from palliation to curation. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2023;24(11):1568–1579. [Google Scholar]
  11. Martin EJ, Bruggeman AR, Nalawade VV, Sarkar RR, Qiao EM, Rose BS, Murphy JD. Palliative radiotherapy versus esophageal stent placement in the management of patients with metastatic esophageal cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2020;18(5):569–574. [Google Scholar]
  12. Welsch J, Kup PG, Nieder C, Khosrawipour V, Buhler H, Adamietz IA, Fakhrian K. Survival and symptom relief after palliative radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. J Cancer. 2016;7(2):125–130. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Adamson D, Byrne A, Porter C, Blazeby J, Griffiths G, Nelson A, et al. Palliative radiotherapy after oesophageal cancer stenting (ROCS): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;6(4):292–303. [Google Scholar]
  14. Hellman S, Weichselbaum RR. Oligometastases. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13(1):8–10. [Google Scholar]
  15. Guckenberger M, Lievens Y, Bouma AB, Collette L, Dekker A, deSouza NM, et al. Characterisation and classification of oligometastatic disease: a European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer consensus recommendation. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(1):e18–e28. [Google Scholar]
  16. Harrow S, Palma DA, Olson R, Gaede S, Louie AV, Haasbeek C, et al. Stereotactic radiation for the comprehensive treatment of oligometastases (SABR-COMET): extended long-term outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2022;114(4):611–616. [Google Scholar]
  17. Olson R, Jiang W, Liu M, Bergman A, Schellenberg D, Mou B, et al. Treatment with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for up to 5 oligometastases in patients with cancer: primary toxic effect results of the nonrandomized phase 2 SABR-5 clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2022;8(11):1644–1650. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Baker S, Mou B, Jiang W, Liu M, Bergman AM, Schellenberg D, et al. Validation of the prognostic utility of ESTRO/EORTC oligometastatic disease classification: a secondary analysis from the population-based phase II SABR-5 trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2022;114(5):849–855. [Google Scholar]
  19. Kroese TE, van Laarhoven HWM, Nilsson M, Lordick F, Guckenberger M, Ruurda JP, et al. Definition of oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer and impact of local oligometastasis-directed treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2022;166:254–269. [Google Scholar]
  20. Liu Q, Chen J, Lin Y, Ye J, Shen W, Luo H, et al. Systemic therapy with or without local intervention for oligometastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESO-Shanghai 13): an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024; 9(1):45–55. [Google Scholar]
  21. Shi Z, Zhu X, Ruan C, Wei G, Li J, Qiu H, et al. Evaluation of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for survival outcomes in patients with synchronous oligometastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(12):e2244619. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kroese TE, Buijs GS, Burger MDL, Ruurda JP, Mook S, Brosens LAA, van Rossum PSN, van Hillegersberg R. Metastasectomy or stereotactic body radiation therapy with or without systemic therapy for oligometastatic esophagogastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2022;29(8):4848–4857. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Shao Y, Zhang M, Ye L, Chen D, Wu QC, Zhang C. Survival differences between chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in metastatic esophageal cancer: a propensity score-matched study based on the SEER database. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(4):3826–3835. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Qiu G, Zhang H, Wang F, Zheng Y, Wang Y. Patterns of metastasis and prognosis of elderly esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients in stage IVB: a population-based study. Transl Cancer Res. 2021;10(11):4591–4600. [Google Scholar]
  25. Qiu G, Zhang H, Wang F, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Wang Y. Metastasis patterns and prognosis of elderly patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma in stage IVB: a population-based study. Front Oncol. 2021;11:625720. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Morinaga T, Iwatsuki M, Yamashita K, Harada K, Kurashige J, Nagai Y, Iwagami S, Baba Y, Yoshida N, Baba H. Oligometastatic recurrence as a prognostic factor after curative resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Surg Today. 2021;51(5):798–806. [Google Scholar]
  27. Li B, Wang R, Zhang T, Sun X, Jiang C, Li W, et al. Development and validation of a nomogram prognostic model for esophageal cancer patients with oligometastases. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):11259. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Chen Y, Cheng X, Song H, Wu AJ, Ku GY, Lee P, et al. Outcomes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for esophageal squamous cell cancer patients presenting with oligometastases. J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(4):1536–1545. [Google Scholar]
  29. Lyu J, Li T, Wang Q, Li F, Diao P, Liu L, Li C, Lang J. Outcomes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for stage IV esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective controlled study. Radiat Oncol. 2018;13(1):233. [Google Scholar]
  30. Guttmann DM, Mitra N, Bekelman J, Metz JM,Plastaras J, Feng W, Swisher-McClure S. Improved overall survival with aggressive primary tumor radiotherapy for patients with metastatic esophageal cancer. J Thorac Oncol. 2017;12(7):1131–1142. [Google Scholar]
  31. Depypere L, Lerut T, Moons J, Coosemans W, Decker G, Van Veer H, De Leyn P, Nafteux P. Isolated local recurrence or solitary solid organ metastasis after esophagectomy for cancer is not the end of the road. Dis Esophagus. 2017;30(1):1–8. [Google Scholar]
  32. Ji J, Liu Y, Bao Y, Men Y, Wang J, Hui Z. Effects of local treatment in combination with systemic therapy for advanced esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Radiat Oncol. 2024;9(7):101522. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Liu Q, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Deng J, Ai D, Liu Q, Wang S, Wu S, Chen J, Zhao K. Phase 2 study of stereotactic body radiation therapy for patients with oligometastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020;108(3):707–715. [Google Scholar]
  34. Pasparakis M, Vandenabeele P. Necroptosis and its role in inflammation. Nature. 2015;517(7534):311–320. [Google Scholar]
  35. Eriksson D, Stigbrand T. Radiation-induced cell death mechanisms. Tumour Biol. 2010;31(4):363–372. [Google Scholar]
  36. Wu X, Li Y, Zhang K, Guo Z, Li Y, Zhao F, et al. Immunotherapy with or without radiotherapy for metastatic or recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a real-world study. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol. 2023;2023(38):130–137. [Google Scholar]
  37. Zhao W, Ke S, Cai X, Zuo Z, Shi W, Qiu H, et al. Radiotherapy plus camrelizumab and irinotecan for oligometastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients after first-line immunotherapy plus chemotherapy failure: An open-label, single-arm, phase II trial. Radiother Oncol. 2023;184:109679. [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.