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Table 2
Comparison of the most important parameters of the accelerators currently in the use of particle therapy.
| Isochronous cyclotron | Synchrocyclotron | Synchrotron | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Protons | Y | Y | Y |
| Carbon ions | N | N | Y |
| Time Structure | Continuous 2 | Pulsed, duty cycle 1% | Spill, dead time > 10% |
| Fast energy modulation | Degrader | Degrader | Wait for next spill |
| Activation | Shielding | Shielding | N |
| Beam intensity | Any, adjustable within ms | Any, adjustable within ms | Limited in magnitude and range |
| Intensity stability | 2–5% | 2–5% | 10–20% |
| Spot scanning | Y | Y | Y |
| Fast continuous scanning | Y | Y | Difficult due to pulse structure |
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